ื ืคื— ื•ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื: ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœ

ืœืžื“ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœ, ืžื ืกืจื•ืช ื’ื–ืจื” ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื.

ืชืจื’ื•ืœ

๐Ÿ“– ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื”

ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื ืกืจื” ื”ื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื (ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ) ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ืฆื™ื“ื™ืช (ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” hh ื•ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก PP):

1. ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœ

ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื˜ื— ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ (ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” hh ื•ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ 2ฯ€r2\pi r):

๐Ÿ’ก ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืžืœื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžืขื•ื’ืœืช ืžืจื—ืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.

hrืžื“ื‘ืงืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ (ฯ€rยฒ)ืžื“ื‘ืงืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ (ฯ€rยฒ)ืžื“ื‘ืงืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช(2ฯ€r ร— h)ืื•ืจืš 2ฯ€rh

ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœ

A=2ฯ€r2+2ฯ€rhA = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi r h

2. ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืจืช ื’ืœื™ืœ

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ืกืจืช ื’ื–ืจืช ื’ืœื™ืœ (ืคืœื— ื’ืœื™ืœ), ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืž:
  • ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื’ื–ืจื”: ืœื›ืœ ื’ื–ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ฮธ360โˆ˜ฯ€r2\frac{\theta}{360^\circ} \pi r^2, ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 2ร—ฮธ360โˆ˜ฯ€r2=ฮธ180โˆ˜ฯ€r22 \times \frac{\theta}{360^\circ} \pi r^2 = \frac{\theta}{180^\circ} \pi r^2.
  • ืฉืชื™ ืคืื•ืช ืฆื“ ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื•ืช: ืœื›ืœ ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื—ื‘ rr ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” hh, ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 2ร—rh2 \times r h.
  • ืคืื” ืฆื™ื“ื™ืช ืžืขื•ื’ืœืช ืื—ืช: ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืžืœื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” hh ื•ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืงืฉืช ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ฮธ180โˆ˜ฯ€r\frac{\theta}{180^\circ} \pi r, ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ฮธ180โˆ˜ฯ€rh\frac{\theta}{180^\circ} \pi r h.

๐Ÿ’ก ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื’ื–ืจื”, ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ื•ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืžืขื•ื’ืœืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืจืš ฯ€rฮธ/180\pi r \theta / 180 ื”ืžืจื—ืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.

ื‘ืกื™ืก ื’ื–ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•ืŸื‘ืกื™ืก ื’ื–ืจื” ืชื—ืชื•ืŸื“ื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉืจื” (r ร— h)ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉืจื” (r ร— h)ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื•ื’ืœืช(ฯ€rฮธ/180 ร— h)ืื•ืจืš ฯ€rฮธ/180

ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืจืช ื’ืœื™ืœ

A=2ร—(ฮธ360โˆ˜ฯ€r2)+2rh+ฮธ180โˆ˜ฯ€rhA = 2 \times \left(\frac{\theta}{360^\circ} \pi r^2\right) + 2 r h + \frac{\theta}{180^\circ} \pi r h
ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืคื™ ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก rr, ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ฮธ\theta ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช, ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” hh.
ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืžื”ื• ื ืคื—?

ื ืคื— ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ืคืก ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ื”ื•ื ื ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคื— ืžืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืžืขื•ืงื‘ (ืกืž"ืง) ืื• ืžื˜ืจ ืžืขื•ืงื‘ (ืž"ืง).

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ื”?

ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ืคืœืช ื”ืื•ืจืš, ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”: V = l ร— w ร— h.

ืžื”ื• ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ?

ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ื™. ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื›ืžื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื— ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืœื ื—ืคื™ืคื•ืช.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœ?

ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื• ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ืฆื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื•: $A = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi r h$.

ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืœ โ€” ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืœ | SealMath